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How nail clippers work
Time:
2023-09-19
Nail clippers are made up of three metal plates, for the sake of illustration, let's call the one below the one with the blades #1, the one above it #2, and the one that can rotate freely #3. (I improvised the name, don't be formal)
Nail clippers have two levers, the one where the thumb presses down on piece #3 is a labor-saving lever, with the small shaft as the fulcrum, the place where the thumb presses down as the force point, and the point of contact between piece #3 and piece #2 as the gravity point. Thus, the entire length of piece #3 is the force arm, and the distance from the minor axis to the point of contact of pieces #2 and #3 is the gravity arm, and since the force arm is much larger than the gravity arm, it is a labor-saving lever.
The other lever is piece No. 2, with the end of the nail clipper, to which pieces No. 1 and No. 2 are fastened, as the fulcrum, the point of contact of pieces No. 2 and No. 3 as the point of force, and the blades of the nail clipper as the point of gravity. Thus, the entire length of piece #2 is the gravity arm, and the distance from the point of contact of pieces #2 and #3 to the end of the tail is the force arm, which is a labor-intensive lever because the gravity arm is slightly longer than the force arm.
Taken together, the force arm of piece #3 is several times longer than the gravity arm, while the force arm of piece #2 is only slightly shorter than the gravity arm, so overall, nail clippers save a lot of effort. To make it easier to understand, you can find a nail clipper, remove the #3 piece, and pinch the #1 and #2 pieces directly with your fingers to cut your nails, and you'll find it harder to cut them off. This is because of the elimination of the force-saving leverage of the #3 piece and the use of the force-intensive leverage of the #2 piece only.
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